Ppt _verified_ | Protein Energy Malnutrition

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| Feature | Marasmus (Non-edematous PEM) | Kwashiorkor (Edematous PEM) | | --- | --- | --- | | | Chronic total calorie deficiency | Acute protein deficiency (often with adequate calories) | | Age | Usually under 1 year | Usually older toddler (18-24 months) | | Appearance | “Old man’s face” – severe wasting | Moon face, puffy, swollen belly | | Edema | Absent | Present (pedal, periorbital) | | Skin changes | Dry, thin, wrinkled | Dermatosis (“flaky paint” or mosaic skin) | | Hair changes | Sparse, thin | Dyspigmentation (flag sign), brittle | | Appetite | Often ravenous | Usually poor or absent | | Fatty liver | Absent | Common | | Serum albumin | Normal or mildly low | Very low | Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt

PEM is traditionally categorized into three primary clinical forms based on the nature of the deficiency: This public link is valid for 7 days

Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 11.5 cm, bilateral pitting edema. Can’t copy the link right now

Hair changes: thinning, loss of curl, and dyspigmentation (the , where bands of light and dark hair alternate based on nutritional periods).

Prevention is as crucial as treatment. Effective strategies include promoting exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, improving weaning practices with locally available protein-rich foods, and implementing large-scale immunization programs to reduce the burden of infectious diseases.