: The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted explanation for the origin of the universe, leading to the formation of galaxies, stars, and planetary systems.
Important global navigation routes (e.g., Suez Canal, Strait of Malacca, Strait of Gibraltar).
Developed on crystalline igneous rocks; red color due to wide diffusion of iron.
Iron & Steel, Cotton Textile, and IT industries. 4. World Geography & Mapping Continents and Oceans: Key features of all continents. cds geography notes pdf new
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Distribution of natural resources and major industrial regions globally.
Earthquake waves are broadly divided into Body waves (P-waves and S-waves) and Surface waves. can travel through solids, liquids, and gases, whereas S-waves travel only through solids. : The Big Bang Theory is the most
Focuses on the earth's origin, interior structure, and natural processes. Key topics include the Solar System and Universe , Continental Drift Theory , Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism.
Prairies (North America), Pampas (Argentina), Steppes (Eurasia), Veld (South Africa), Downs (Australia). 4. High-Yield Smart Study Tips for CDS Geography
Composition of the atmosphere, pressure belts, wind systems, cyclones, and climate types. Oceanography: Ocean relief, salinity, currents, and tides. 2. Indian Geography (Crucial Component) Iron & Steel, Cotton Textile, and IT industries
For those preparing for the UPSC CDS 2026 exams, geography remains a high-weightage section, typically contributing between 15–22 questions
The lithosphere is broken into major and minor plates moving over the asthenosphere.
Himadri (Greater Himalayas): Highest peaks (Mt. Everest, Kanchenjunga).